Human Trafficking The United Nations Human Rights

Quin Smith and Colin Grande Federal Republic of Germany United Nations Human Rights Council The Athenian Academy Human Trafficking Quin Smith Intro Human trafficking is one of the biggest human rights issues facing our world today. This practice makes much money for those who traffic humans, and destroys the lives of its victims. Brothels have been legal in Germany since 2002, and it is no coincidence that Germany s largest brothel is just a few miles drive from the French border. Prostitution is illegal in France, and due to the Schengen Agreement, French citizens can travel freely to patronize the brothel. Prostitution is a huge business in Germany, which has experienced a boom in sex tourism and now has at least 400,000 prostitutes working within its borders. Germany s Federal Statistics Office estimates that the country s sex trade is responsible for â‚ ¬15 billion in economic activity each year. Because of the amount of patrons and money coming in to the industry, traffickers can make a lot of money trafficking victims in for small amounts of money, that lead to huge payoffs. However, it is now a crime to buy sex from someone who has been trafficked. Germany believes that this horrible practice is a very pressing issue, and one that, as the United Nations Human Rights Council, we must solve immediately. Germany’s Actions Germany is a party to The Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing theShow MoreRelatedHuman Trafficking- The Escalating Global Violation of Human Rights1355 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Trafficking- The Escalating Global Violation of Human Rights Human Trafficking is a serious Global matter that violates a multitude of the Human Rights articles outline in The Universal Declarations of Human Rights. Thousands of individuals are subjects of Human Trafficking every year; the perpetrators of this crime do not discriminate, targeting men, women, the young and the old all over the world. Human Trafficking is indeed a Global issue, occurring in nearly every country on the planetRead MoreHuman Trafficking Has Been Existent For Thousands Of Years983 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1863, the United States enacted laws that formally abolished slavery. However, modern day manifestation of slavery still exists; it is called â€Å"human trafficking.† Human trafficking, according to the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 is â€Å"trafficking in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such act has not attained 18 years of age; or the recruitment, harboring, trans portation, provision, or obtaining of a person forRead MoreHuman Trafficking And The Trade Of Human Sex Trafficking Essay958 Words   |  4 Pagescountries in the region introduced new anti-trafficking laws or modified old ones. The United Nations has also picked up the fight against ending all forms of modern slavery including human sex trafficking. The U.N implemented the a protocol that focuses on â€Å"(1) prevention and combat of trafficking persons, paying particular attention to women and children; (2) to protect and assist the victims of such trafficking, with full respect for their human rights; and (3) to promote cooperation among StatesRead MorePlan of Action for Human Trafficking and Sexual Violence1522 Words   |  7 PagesPlan of Action to Combat Human Trafficking Abstract Human trafficking is a crime that without the proper direction will cost the human being the right to have freedom. Every person has the right to choose and not fall into being victimized by someone who is in the pursuit of indentured servitude. This billion-dollar industry is aiding the criminal acts such as drug trafficking and production, sexual assault, sexual rape (male or female), and most of all abuse and neglect of all the victimsRead MoreThe Truth About Human Trafficking1520 Words   |  7 PagesAbout Human Trafficking Human Trafficking is a modern-day form of slavery involving the illegal trade of people for exploitation or commercial gain (Human Trafficking). The term human trafficking evolved from slavery in the early 1900’s and continued to become a global market over the past 100 years. There are several different types of human trafficking such as forced labor, sexual exploitation, people smuggling, and the harvesting of organs for commercial profit (Types of Human Trafficking.). VictimsRead MoreInternational Law Threatens Western Countries1262 Words   |  6 Pagesrelation to comparative criminology in the second and the third part with illustration of various international data. Firstly, violations of international law generally refer to violation of human rights. Human rights are a complex area in international theory and practice. It is considered as International Human Rights Law in its legal manifestation (Cali, 2010:282). The International Law Commission defines the concept that crime against humanity contravenes peace and security (Cali, 2010:282). SinceRead MoreThe Global Impact Of Human Trafficking1640 Words   |  7 PagesThe Global impact of Human Trafficking Human trafficking is a global issue that receives very little attention throughout the modern world; this issue effects every country on the global and all different types of cultures. Hillary Clinton said in 2009 â€Å"Trafficking thrives in the shadows, and it can be easy to dismiss it as something that happens to someone else, in somewhere else, but that is not the case. Trafficking is a crime that involves every nation on earth, and that includes our own.† (BehnkeRead MoreHuman Trafficking : A Global Phenomenon That Does Not Recognize National Borders1589 Words   |  7 Pagesdone to Combating Human Trafficking? Human trafficking is a global phenomenon that does not recognize national borders. Realizing the serious consequences of the human toll, the U.S government has spent $55 million in 50 countries on anti-trafficking programs designed to help indigenous non-government organizations and, international organizations law enforcements officials and foreign governments prevent human trafficking, and restore victims to society. If human trafficking is going to be stoppedRead MoreThe Globalization Of Human Trafficking990 Words   |  4 Pageswill define the globalization of human trafficking through the context of the United States as a first world nation and extension of this problematic issue in European nations, such as Russia and in the Baltic region. The first world status of the United States provides a context in which human trafficking has become a major problem when defining domestic markets for criminal organizations. However, the U.S. provides an example of the impact of human tra fficking that occurs on a much wider scaleRead MoreHuman Trafficking : The Violation Of Human Rights1494 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Trafficking What is the most basic of all human needs? One might answer food, water, and shelter. What is the most basic of all human rights? It should go without saying that the most basic of all human rights is freedom or personal liberty rather than bondage or slavery. If being free rather than in bondage is a human right, why is it that so many are held in bondage against their will? United Nations According to the United Nations website, Human Trafficking is defined as: The recruitment

Analysis Of George Orwell s Down With Big Brother

April 4, 1984, is the date that he wrote at the top of a diary. Put in another way, this was when he decided to rise in revolt against the Big Brother. Though a little defiance, he aimed to keep a diary not for himself, but for the future. Moreover, his attempts were never portrayed for the sake of his ambitions toward power. He wrote down, â€Å"Down with Big Brother.† This determined, bold declaration indicates that his diary would become the repository for everyone who has rebellious thoughts like Winston since he believes â€Å"If there is hope, it lies with the proles.† Even if this consequence comes to his death by the Party, his diary can trigger people to contemplate rebellion and inspire the future in which they all have the freedom to think, write, read, and live regarding concerning their desire. Such his intelligent and introspective characteristics serve as the classic hero in 1984; however, it also entails the difficulty in easily identifying a hero as the protagonist of 1984 since his heroism barely led the rebellion to a broader extent in the literal sense of the world that the Party takes a massive control of people. The conflict, more significantly, between his daily activities and the Party’s current reality, demonstrates the struggle that eventually resulted in the demise of Winston Smith, thereby emphasizing the manipulation of free will by the Big Brother. To begin, Winston Smith is characterized as a paradox by his name. His first name represents WinstonShow MoreRelatedNineteen Eighty Four By George Orwell Essay1601 Words   |  7 PagesBook Review for Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell Jason Lee December 12, 2015 SECTION A Date published June 8, 1949 City where published London, England Publisher Secker Warburg Number of pages 267 SECTION B Summary of your book (key details only...address the beginning, middle, and end of the book) Nineteen Eighty-Four takes place in the fictional nationRead MoreThe Psychoanalysis of 19841019 Words   |  5 Pages The Psychoanalysis of 1984 The social structure of George Orwell’s 1984 is based on Freud’s map of the mind and the struggles between the id, the ego and the super ego. The minds of these individuals living in this society are trained to think a certain way. Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis can be applied to Orwell’s 1984. Using Freud’s psychoanalytic approach, 1984’s main character Winston Smith is portrayed as the one who goes against the ideas of the Party. In a Freudian point of view, Winston’sRead MoreFahrenheit 451 By George Orwell1931 Words   |  8 Pagesextent that it was illegal for any literature to exist, and if found books are burned by the firemen. Similar to Bradbury’s society, 1984 by George Orwell includes a corrupt government where members of the Party are under surveillance at all hours of the day, and the worst crime committed is thinking anything different from what the central leader, Big Brother, allows members to think. In order to express their concerns for the destructive path they view society taking, the authors of both FahrenheitRead MoreEssay about The People’s Republic of China: Tyrannical Political State?1912 Words   |  8 Pageswithin societies past and present. George Orwell prophetically writes about a futuristic society in his book entitled 1984. He uses hindsight of past and present political authority to illustrate the possibility of additional states imposing oppressed control. Orwell asserts the conflicting ideas with, â€Å"†¦the three slogans of the Party: War is Peace, Freedom is Slavery, Ignorance is Strength,† (Orwell, 4). In a clever, applicable, and daunting approach, Orwell challenges the so-called pragmatismRead MoreGeorge Orwell s The Film V For Vendetta Directed By James Mcteigue1989 Words   |  8 PagesIn society, people often look up to our government to provide honourable and righteous justice that upholds our basic human rights .Through the analysis of dystopian texts including 1984 written by George Orwell, Harrison Bergeron by Kurt Vonnegut Jr, and the film V for Vendetta directed by James Mcteigue, the concept of a totalitarian government that exerts control over to the senses is explored throughout all these texts. The stripping of privacy and freedom demonstrates this control over the massRead MoreBrave New World vs Nineteen Eighty Four vs Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?2284 Words   |  10 PagesControllers. In despair, or perhaps as his last expression of individual freedom, he hangs himself. Like Huxley, George Orwell creates a controlling utopian society in Nineteen Eighty-Four which degrades humanity. In this novel, the shift in civilization occurs following the Revolution, another movement that was based on economic control, (Orwell, 38). Like Brave New World, Orwell presents a highly controlled caste society. In B.N.W. the world is at peace, but in Nineteen Eighty-Four, the worldRead MoreAnalysis Of The Novel 1984 By George Orwell1205 Words   |  5 Pagesconsidered to be an action in which common ideologies imposed. The individual imposing these ideologies does not believe in keeping their opinions quiet, rather this individual lets their opinions be known to the society. This phenomenon is evident in George Orwell’s novel, 1984 in which the protagonist, Winston possesses critical features of a rebel. The rebellious personality of Winston is first introduced to the reader through his thoughtcrime’s. This trait is also distinctly seen through the doubtsRead MoreEssay on Analysis of George Orwells 19844218 Words   |  17 PagesAnalysis of George Orwells 1984 War Is Peace. Freedom Is Slavery. Ignorance Is Strength. The party slogan of Ingsoc illustrates the sense of contradiction which characterizes the novel 1984. That the book was taken by many as a condemnation of socialism would have troubled Orwell greatly, had he lived to see the aftermath of his work. 1984 was a warning against totalitarianism and state sponsored brutality driven by excess technology. Socialist idealism in 1984 had turned to a total loss ofRead MorePsychoanalysis And Marxism And 19842034 Words   |  9 Pages Psychoanalysis, Marxism, and 1984 Applying modern theoretical lenses to historic works can lead to an alternate understanding of a text - perhaps one the author did not intend. Novels, like George Orwell’s 1984, can be analyzed through multiple lenses. The strongest analysis, however, can be conducted through the lenses of Marxism and psychoanalysis. Through these complementary lenses, readers gain an understanding of social constructs (Marxism) and the effects of these constructs on human behaviorRead MoreThe s Best Known Works Are? Politics And The English Language?3044 Words   |  13 PagesTwo of George Orwell?s best known works are ?Politics and the English Language? and 1984. In ?Politics and the English Language,? he points out many of the issues with the modern writings of his time, which are still problems today. Nineteen Eighty-Four focuses on the push of totalitarian rule by the government. Orwell?s ideas have been seen before, but he is considered to have presented them in one of the best ways t hat is still influential today. The decay of society as portrayed in George Orwell

Biography of Xerxes Free Essays

Born in c. 519 BC, of the parents King Darius and his wife Atossa came Xerxes. He was raised in the lavish opulence of an eastern court and became the designated heir to his father†s throne in which he was to rule over the greatest empire of his time for 21 years. We will write a custom essay sample on Biography of Xerxes or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Persian Empire. He was not the oldest of Darius† sons but still became the heir over his oldest brother Artabazanes. There were two main reasons for this, His mother Atossa was the daughter of the great Cyrus making Xerxes his grandson. According to Herodotus Atossa would have used her influence to get her son on the throne. [Herodotus book 7 section-3]. Xerxes stated superior claim to the throne for the same reasons. Spartan King Demaratus who was exiled from Sparta and in the Persian court at the time, suggested that they use the Spartan custom to elect a king. That is that the son who is born first while the king sits on the throne will be the heir no matter how many sons there were before the king became king [Herodotus book 7 section-3]. This made Xerxes the rightful heir how ever he describes his accession himself on limestone foundation block at Persepolis â€Å"†¦ My Father was Darius; Darius† father was Hystaspes by name; Hystaspes† father was Arsames by name†¦ saith Xerxes the King: Other sons of Darius there were, (but)- thus unto Ahura-Mazda was the desire- Darius my father made me the greatest after himself. When my father Darius went away from the throne, by will of Ahura-Mazda I became king on my fathers throne. † So to help legitimise his claim to the throne, Xerxes uses Ahura-Mazda. In another inscription he supports himself by saying † †¦ I am Xerxes, the great king, king of king, king of lands containing many men, king in this great earth far and wide, son of Darius the king, an Achaemid, a Persian, son of a Persian, an Aryan, of Aryan seed. † Here he emphasises that he an Achaemenid to add weight on his claim to the throne. According to A. T. Olmstead, Xerxes gained administrative experience by living in the royal Babylonian palace and being able to rule Babylon. Though there is not enough evidence to support this. Some historians say that Darius and Xerxes shared co-regency, but there is not enough evidence to support this either. The evidence we do have on his background and early life before he became king is that his father was a believer in the god Ahura – Mazda and therefore a follower of Zoastrianism. We know that Xerxes carried this on. As far as we know the only real education according to Herodotus that Persian boys were taught was to†¦ † Ride, to use the bow, and to speak the truth† [Herodotus book 1 pg. 137]. The most important and significant things in Xerxes life that contributed to his assent was being the grandson of the greatest king Persia had seen and his mother being that kings daughter and able to use her influence. Xerxes became the king of the Persian Empire in 485BC. In his 25 years of reign he achieved many things. He was certainly not a lazy ruler and her proved this in the early years of his reign with the swift crushing of the Babylonian and Egyptian revolts. Even as a new king he portrayed traits of a strong and strict monarch. â€Å"He sent an army against the Egyptian rebels and decisively crushed them. [Herodotus book 7 section-7]. The most famous expedition Xerxes was conducted as his attempt to invade Greece. This is seen to most people as a failure as the Greeks defeated him. Though it can also be looked upon as an achievement because although he failed to encompass the entire country into his empire he still managed to destroy Athens, which was one of his main priorities in the first place. † I will not rest until I have taken Athens and burnt it to the ground, in revenge for the injury in which the Athenians without provocation did to me and my Father† [Herodotus book 7 section-8-b]. So his destruction of Athens can be looked upon as an achievement. Xerxes was by no means a poor military conductor as he shows good management and organisational skills in the way he amasses and upholds his army. He had clever and careful planning when it came to invading and according to Cameron and Lawless, Xerxes extended his empire into Thrace and Macedonia as well as adding territory from distant eastern provinces [page 99]. His achievements don†t just focus on warlike activities. His building programs at Persepolis and some closer to home show that his ambitions did not just consist of taking land. He thought expanding his empire was important but so to was internal development. † King Darius my father built and ordered to be built much good construction. By the favour of Ahura – mazda I added to that construction and built further (buildings). † [Cameron and Lawless, pg 181]. Xerxes began building almost straight after he ascended the throne, but the majority of his constructions were done in the last three years of his reign. Some of the buildings consist of the Apadana, which was an audience hall in the Persian royal palace. It was started by Darius and finished by Xerxes. ‘Harem† was Xerxes palace that he built for himself; The ‘Central Building† was another construction ordered by Xerxes; ‘Throne Hall† or other wise known as ‘The Hall of 100 Columns†, was believed to have been started by Xerxes and finished by Artaxerxes; ‘Palace H† was another incomplete building believed to have been stared by Xerxes and incomplete inscriptions suggest that it may have been finished by Artaxerxes. These are just a few examples of the achievements this man completed in his life. It is clear that he was a serious ruler who had many ambitions in his life. The love life of Xerxes is a complicated subject to find evidence on. Herodotus mentions him having only one wife named Amestris and the information on her is extremely little. Her father was probably Otanes who was a Persian nobleman and one of the seven conspirators who helped Darius become King. Further research uncovers the story of Esther and Queen Vashti. There is more information on the story of Esther and Queen Vashti then there is on Amestris. The story of Esther and Vashti is also more probable to be mythology then real history, as a lot of the information doesn†t add up. Herodotus neither mentions Esther or Vashti in his histories and he is our main source to this period in time. The story of Esther is a book in the bible and is where the Jewish celebration of ‘Purim† comes from. According to the story of Esther, King Xerxes was banqueting with all his friend and he was boasting about how he had the finest of everything. Then he called for his wife, Queen Vashti, and told her to walk around in front of his guests wearing nothing but her crown because he believed she was the most beautiful woman and he wanted to show everyone. Vashti was greatly insulted and refused so she was deposed. A beauty contest was held for Xerxes to select a new wife and he chose a young girl called Esther who he apparently fell instantly in love with. Esther†s real name was Hadassah but she changed it to hide her Jewish identity. Then with the help of her influence on Xerxes and her cousin Mordecai she was ale to save the Jewish people from slaughter. This story his been questioned by many scholars and historians and is believed to be mythical. Though there isn†t much mentioned on Amestris, from the main story she takes part in we are able to piece together quite a picture of her. Amestris wove a wonderful shawl as a present for her husband Xerxes. He gave it to his brother†s daughter Artaynte with whom he had had an affair with. When Amestris discovered this betrayal she was furious and immediately blamed Artaynte†s mother and had her brutally mutilated. Xerxes brother then beside himself plotted a rebellion against Xerxes and Xerxes had him killed. From this story we can already gather that Amestris was a jealous and not so nice woman who held quite a bit of power over Xerxes, As she wasn†t punished for what she did. There is another story of Amestris that leads us to believe she wasn†t that good a woman. A custom of Persia was burying people alive! Amestris in her old age did it to fourteen Persian boys of distinguished families, by way of a present which she hoped the god of the under world would except instead of herself [Herodotus book 7 section-114]. In 465BC Xerxes was found murdered in his bedchambers. According to Cameron and Lawless, specific details on the death of Xerxes are unknown. It suggests that Artabanus, the commander of the palace guards murdered him with the help of Aspamitres, a court eunuch [pg. 100]. Therefore Xerxes ended his reign of the Persian Empire as a victim of palace conspiracy and was succeeded by his son Artaxerxes. How to cite Biography of Xerxes, Essay examples

The Wieght Of Puishment Essays - Penology, Criminology,

The Wieght Of Puishment THE WEIGHT OF PUNISHMENT Capital punishment, known as the death penalty is not practiced in all states. In order to receive or qualify for the death penalty you would have to commit murder, which is taking an innocent person life away from our society. To commit an unpleasant act like that a person has to be ill and immoral. When I see people holding up signs, marching or giving speeches on how we have to abandoned the death penalty I get sick to my stomach. Any person that was willing to take a innocent persons life away should be willing to live up to the punishment. If we do without the death penalty that will not give any seriousness to the act of murder. I fully agree with capital punishment. For the utilitarian, punishment is only regarded to as if there is happiness created and unhappiness not created. From the utilitarian point of view capital punishment is good if it prevents or deters the criminal from repeating the crime and also deters others in acting out a crime in the future. One problem utilitarian thoughts have are, first of all utilitarian try to reduce the amount of unhappiness as much as they can, in doing that they are also reducing the amount of punishment given for the act of murder. So by this fact it is wrong to reduce the amount of punishment just to create happiness. A murder deserves every ounce of punishment that comes along with the price of killing. The retributive thoughts of capital punishment, first of all is that all criminals earn punishment and also adding to this is that the punishment should be equal in treatment to the crime. Retributive also complies with an eye for an eye, just like the amount of punishment is based on the degree of the crime. The problem with retributive thinking is that if you kill two people the punishment you deserve far more then just the killing of you, but the killing of one of your family members. The retributive opinion is more on a personal minded justification, for example if you speak to a victim who just had his wife and daughter killed by another person he will want the same done to him because of the pshycolgical effect that was put on the victim. My opinion on the death penalty is that if you commit a killing you deserve the punishment that comes along with it. I wonder why the states wait an average of twenty years to put a murder in the chair; there should not be a gap between the crime and the punishment. Every day after the killer gets to live after the crime he or she is being treated unfairly toward the victim's rights. I am not talking about a criminal act consisting of stolen goods or assault of another person I'm talking about taking innocent persons life for no reason. I think that is a very sick and unlawful act to commit; the penalty should be issued as fast as possible, to show the importance of innocent life. Capital punishment should always be practiced; it is or can be thought of as a controller of society. In other words it is like a ruler, those who follow will not receive punishment, and those who do not follow it will receive the punishment. The public deserves the safety of the capital punishment. Capital punishment frightens people thinking about committing a crime. This is a proven fact; you can look up the histories of states with the death penalty and see that the killing rate has gone down since the law was passed. Most people fear death and capital punishment is fear itself, many people will avoid coming to conflict with the law. Putting someone on life without parole is like giving him a gift. Some people will murder or commit a crime just to be sent to jail, they feel like it will be a better life for them. They get three meals a day and have a shelter to stay in, but we do not want to give a criminal what he wants, we want to give him the maximum punishment for his

Discuss the linguistic differences between the spoken and written modes Essays

Discuss the linguistic differences between the spoken and written modes Essays Discuss the linguistic differences between the spoken and written modes Paper Discuss the linguistic differences between the spoken and written modes Paper Discuss the linguistic differences between the spoken and written modes and consider the ways in which both are perceived in terms of social prestige For both the spoken and written mode it is possible to recognize different linguistic characteristics. Speech is a useful social tool, helping to develop communication and express attitudes and opinions. Writing is useful for documenting facts and ideas, making notes and organising information; it is a more permanent mode than speech which can be revised or reread. The first point to be taken into consideration for each mode is the audience. Spoken encounters more often than not are personalised and happen face to face with a particular individual. While written language can either be intended for one individual reader or directed at a wider unknown audience. The lexis for both the written and spoken mode is somewhat different. Informal and colloquial is the language used during speech whereas Standard English applies for the written. It is very uncommon; except for during personal correspondence that informal lexis would be acceptable in the written mode. Due to the personal nature of speech it is customary to use personal register, for example, current jokes or nicknames, and colloquial idioms e. g. the thing is, as far as I can see. Abbreviations may also be used when a high level of familiarity is established. It is highly unlikely that you will come across such familiar terms in the written mode. Grammar within spoken language tends to be more relaxed and fairly simple, while grammar in the written mode is a key element and requires thought. Speech usually includes minor sentences and straightforward noun phrases. In contrast, written language is more formal which introduces both complex sentences and noun phrase. This is the reason why speech is a quicker and brief method of communication. Due to the spontaneity of speech there is likely to be non-fluency features. The most common of these features are voiced hesitation and fillers. Voiced hesitations are pauses used for many different reasons; firstly to provide thinking time. As speech is impulsive the speaker may frequently need to think about what to say. Secondly, written language uses punctuation to signify the end of a sentence, spoken language uses a pause. These are known as utterances. Also, it is very likely that the speaker may need time to breathe! Speech has a loose structure which results in the use of fillers. Once again these are mostly used to give the speaker time to search for a word and to fill awkward gaps in speech. Another non-fluency feature is false starts and these can be due to nervousness, or simply recalling the situation differently. In general, speech is much more repetitive than writing which leads to a lot of self-correction. Once spoken, errors are not possible to be withdrawn. Correction within writing is usually not seen due to draft copies, despite this, crossings out are the written equivalent of self-correction. A speaker who is aware of their listeners response is able to make amendments before communication falters. Expressions such as you know are a speakers method of encouraging the listener to respond that communication is effective. Such expressions are called discourse markers. The listener may also use backchanneling to prove they are paying attention. There is no need for either of these within the written mode as the communication is one way. The reader may be able to respond but the reply is rarely instantaneous. To lure the listener into the conversation a direct address can be used. Phrases such as and you know what I said? require the listener to show encouragement to continue. The speaker and the listener may also use backchanneling. The speaker would use it to check people are listening and the listener would use it to show that they are paying attention. By monitoring the listeners behaviour communication is prevented from being broken down. As well as words the spoken mode uses paralinguistic features to aid communication and ensure that it is expressive. An example of this is body language, facial expressions or posture; these can either strengthen or contradict the spoken word. Prosodic features are another feature of the spoken mode; these are all the observable aspects of behaviour that accompany speech, apart from the words themselves. A prosodic feature includes the following; pitch, volume, pace, rhythm, tone and stress patterns. Changes in pitch when speaking are more often than not linked to meaning and the speakers relationship with the topic. A high pitch suggests that the speaker is enthusiastic or excited whereas a low pitch indicates a disappointment of some sort. The volume manipulates the meaning of the speech while pace is related to the speakers attitude towards the subject they are talking about. When emphasis is placed on key words it highlights their importance; a change in stress can change the meaning. In the written mode, prosodic features are replaced with punctuation. The written mode tends to include and explain references within the text, as writers must ensure that there is no unintended ambiguity. Alternatively, in the spoken mode context dependence leads to much use of deictic features. There also needs to be the assumption that the audience shares the speakers knowledge of the topic. Deictic expressions, for example just now or over there, which refer to the present situation are common in the spoken mode. With the spoken mode there is likely to be little or no planning of the speech. Because of this it is probable that there will be much multiple co-ordination (the repetitive use of and). This is not apparent in the written mode, instead complex sentence structures and sub-ordination is used. Many people consider the written language to be of a higher prestige than the spoken. This is true in a broad, general perspective yet sufficient examples exist of formal spoken language; radio, television, legal circles. The written language mainly uses accurate Standard English and is an important medium used within education. Spoken English is often spontaneous whereas written texts are much more tidy and structured. Despite this, there are instances of informal correspondence, for example, email. However, if either mode deserves to be called the original form of the language it is the spoken. For centuries when many people were considered illiterate it was speech that helped them conduct their daily business. It is the spoken mode rather than the written that dominates everyday society and it is speech which is historically prior to writing. According to Sarah Thorne, We all assimilate the rules of the spoken language from an early age, most speech encounters take place within a co-operative framework (Thorne, Mastering Advanced English Language, 1997, p228). At any age, we are able to make judgements about the kind of language suitable for various people and different contexts. Nevertheless, in linguistic terms neither the written nor the spoken mode is considered as superior.

Free sample - Teaching Strategies for Nursing Educators. translation missing

Teaching Strategies for Nursing Educators. Teaching Strategies for Nursing EducatorsIntroduction Russell et al (2007) assert that the healthcare system has undergone unprecedented and rapid changes over the past years due to the reduced vital information’s life span and mounting complexity of the practice. Distinctively, quite a number of technological advantages have been availed in radiological science such as Picture and communication Systems (PACS) and computed and digital radiography. This has increased information to learn and teach within a short period of time hence necessitating educators to reassess their teaching strategies to meet the new health cares system’s demands. This paper presents two of such strategies that nursing educators can employ to enhance active learning that is student-centered as opposed to traditional teacher centered approach. The paper will also look at the barriers that could be experienced while using the strategies and how to overcome them. Lecture Lecture is the broadly used and the oldest teaching method used in classroom currently. This strategy is very popular due to its many advantages. First of all, the lecture has the ability of giving information to a big number of students. It can also cover a huge amount material within a short period other than providing efficient utilization of class time and being cost effectiveness (Russell et al, 2007). The lecture is a mode of introducing new material, maintain a topic discussion and summarize the content of the course and also present big blocks of confusing and complex ideas. There are however some shortcomings of the lectures as teaching strategy as they offer less chances for the students to process ideas and information and grow problem-solving skills, the make students lose interest promptly and deny them an opportunity to provide feedback. Additionally, lectures do not do not enable students skip familiar content and they also enhance a teacher-centered setting as opposed to student-centered setting (Russell et al, 2007). Self-Directed Learning This is a strategy that offers the learners responsibility to carry out some learning activities on their own. It assists students take an extra active role as far as their nursing education is concerned (Russell et al, 2009). A nursing educator can use this opportunity to encourage students to set their own learning goals, make decisions on the learning methods to employ and evaluate their progress on regular basis. These are important aspects of self-directed learning which can be manifested in the form of contracts, distance learning packages, clinical logs and problem-based packages. Russell et al (207) observe that there as various forms of self-directed learning such as self-evaluation, which lets students evaluate their own performance, precisely identify their weaknesses and strengths and grow to be more independent. Another of self-directed learning is learning contracts which promote active learning. This is a written joint agreement between students and teachers clearly stating what a leaner has to do to attain particular learning outcomes.   This helps students to take a bigger responsibility in their education.    Barriers faced by nursing educators and how they can be solved by the above strategies There are many barriers that nursing educators face in line of their duty. This is partly because nursing has been identified by the U.S Department of Labour as the â€Å"fasting growing occupation in terms of growth through 2012† (Keller Collins, 2004). This has increased what is expected of nurse educators and as a result some of the immediate barriers are identified as financial, language, and student preparation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Financial barriers with the nursing educators’ profession could be brought about to the fact that some students may lack required materials or resources. This situation can easily be solved through lectures as few resources can be used to teach many students. Additionally distance learning packages as a form of self directed learning reduces costs. Language could be solved through self-directed learning students are given instructions and carry out activities on their own as opposed to listening to educators whose language they don’t understand. Sometimes students may lack time to prepare but this situation is dealt with through lectures which cover loads of information within a short time, giving them ample time to prepare (Keller Collins, 2004). Conclusion Nursing educators can use a number of strategies to ensure that active learning is promoted not only in a class setting but also in practical basis. Among these strategies are lecture and self-directed learning that go along way in meeting the goal of educators, that is, preparation of students to become better professionals. There is however barriers faced by educators such financial, language and student preparation barriers that can be solved through proper use of the discussed strategies Reference Keller, S. and Collins, V. (2004). Nursing Education Barriers Identification Survey. Retrieved 18, Oct. 2010 Russell, A. et al. (2007). Teaching Strategies promoting Active learning in Healthcare Education. Journal of Education and Human Development, 1 (1): 34-39.

Trans Global Holidays Niche Product - Yoga and Facial Yoga Excursions Essay

Trans Global Holidays Niche Product - Yoga and Facial Yoga Excursions - Essay Example Yoga Excursions focuses on health and well-being of its diverse clientele. Green (2008) suggests that yoga exercises improve focus and mental attention, creating the catalyst for improved moods and concentration. In a world where consumer activities create stressful life situations, Trans Global believes that Yoga Excursions maintains the ability to capture the attention of the wealthier consumer demographic and the upscale business-oriented consumer audience. The tour begins with a full day at the Yoga Excursions spa for body waxing, massage or any other variety of personal grooming and care required by the tourist. This period of the company tour is designed to facilitate the initial sensations of freedom and personal indulgence, an emotional sensation triggered by the upscale salon and social environment provided by Trans Global. The yoga sessions are aggressive, led by a senior professional in the field of yoga and contortionist training, designed to act as a positive motivator and facilitate interpersonal relationships with the tour’s attendees. Facial yoga, according to Stinchfield (2007) involves the manipulation of facial muscles, utilizing various facial-toning techniques to develop perceptions of personal youth and beauty. According to Boone & Kurtz (2006), more and more middle-aged women are turning toward non-surgical beauty enhancements as a means to avoid long-term surgical complications, thus Trans Global believes th at facial yoga maintains a rather new-age alternative to recapturing youth and beauty. The entire tour ends with a final group dinner in which the clients are allowed to share their unique yoga experiences and receive their appropriate Trans Global awards for excellence in yoga and creative facial yoga exercises.